What Is the 288E Category?

The term "288E" refers to FAA Order 8130.2, the airworthiness certification document, and specifically to the experimental/amateur-built (E-AB) category for light sport aircraft. When you see an aircraft registered under this framework, it means the aircraft was built from a kit or plans primarily by an individual (not a manufacturer) and meets the FAA's definition of a light sport aircraft in terms of performance limits.

For Rans S-21 Outbound builders, this is the most common regulatory pathway — and understanding it thoroughly prevents costly surprises later.

E-AB vs. E-LSA: Understanding the Difference

Builders frequently confuse E-AB (Experimental Amateur-Built) with E-LSA (Experimental Light Sport Aircraft). These are distinct categories with meaningful differences:

Feature E-AB (Amateur-Built) E-LSA (Factory Kit/Ready-to-Fly)
Who builds it? Individual builder (51% rule) Manufacturer-assembled or kit
Modifications allowed? Yes, with builder discretion Limited; must maintain type design
Who can maintain it? Owner/builder or A&P Certificated repairman (LSA) or A&P
Airworthiness certificate Experimental (Amateur-Built) Experimental (Light Sport)
Operating limitations FAA-issued with the certificate FAA-issued with the certificate

The 51% Rule — What It Really Means

For E-AB certification, the FAA requires that the aircraft be built "for education or recreation" and that the majority of the fabrication and assembly was performed by the amateur builder. The FAA uses a checklist system to evaluate compliance with this "51% rule."

Important nuances builders should understand:

  • The 51% is evaluated using the FAA's amateur-built checklist, not simply by hours worked
  • Certain tasks — like engine assembly and final inspection — carry significant weight in the evaluation
  • Quick-build kits can still qualify if the remaining work meets the FAA's checklist criteria
  • The builder should retain records demonstrating their personal construction work

LSA Performance Limits

For an aircraft to be classified as a light sport aircraft — and thus eligible for sport pilot operations — it must meet specific performance parameters. As of current FAA regulations, these include:

  • Maximum gross takeoff weight: 1,320 lbs (land plane) / 1,430 lbs (seaplane)
  • Maximum stall speed: 45 knots CAS (Vs1) in landing configuration
  • Maximum continuous power speed: 120 knots CAS
  • Maximum of two seats
  • Single reciprocating engine (fixed or ground-adjustable propeller)
  • Fixed landing gear (with exceptions for amphibious aircraft)
  • Non-pressurized cabin

Note: The FAA has been working on updated rules for light sport aircraft. Always verify current limits with the official FAA website or an aviation attorney before making certification decisions.

The Airworthiness Certification Process

Once your build is complete, you'll need to schedule an inspection with a Designated Airworthiness Representative (DAR) — the FAA delegates this authority to qualified individuals who can issue experimental airworthiness certificates. The process generally involves:

  1. Completing your build and build documentation
  2. Submitting FAA Form 8130-6 (Application for Airworthiness Certificate)
  3. DAR inspection of the aircraft and your build records
  4. Issuance of the Experimental Airworthiness Certificate and Operating Limitations
  5. A required flight test period (typically 40 hours) in a designated test area

Key Resources

For the most accurate and up-to-date regulatory guidance, always consult:

  • FAA Order 8130.2 — the primary airworthiness certification guidance document
  • FAA Advisory Circular AC 20-27 — certification of amateur-built aircraft
  • EAA (Experimental Aircraft Association) — outstanding regulatory guides and free technical counselors
  • Your local FSDO (Flight Standards District Office) for jurisdiction-specific questions